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would only be exceptional when they would deal with what we were doing ourselves.

Mr. Dawson. Dealing with the latter, when Mr. Dulles wanted Presidential approval to mount an operation, how did he go about achieving that or gaining that approval?

Mr. Dillon. I don't really know. I do know in regard, to the U-2 flights, which had a very special procedure set up whereby a piece of paper had to be signed in each case by the Director of Central Intelligence, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, or Acting Secretary of Defense, and then taken to the President and approved by him before the flight could take place. And that was handled by General Goodpastor rather than through Mr. Gray.

Mr. Dawson. Did that change after the U-2 crisis?

Mr. Dillon. No, that was the procedure.

Mr. Dawson. He knew what he was approving very clearly?

Mr. Dillon. He had been right up to this time and that was the case with the U-2. After the U-2 crisis there weren't any more U-2 flights, and that procedure came to a sudden end.

Mr. Dawson. In other intelligence operations which you brought up which were required to be brought before the Special Group --

Mr. Dillon. I don't recall that there were any. But if it was needed, I don't know who would do it, but it would be through the person who would know the most about it. And

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